Crosstalk Between Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Inflammatory Microenvironment

Abstract

Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) hold similar biological features to other MSCs, but also have some advantages that include being easily accessible with relatively few technical and ethical constraints, stronger proliferative capacity, and more stable morphological characteristics. A close bidirectional interaction exists between the biological functions of GMSCs and their inflammatory microenvironment: inflammatory factors can regulate the immunomodulatory and tissue repair capabilities of GMSCs, while GMSCs, in turn, can reshape the local microenvironment, suppressing excessive inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration.  Herein, we discuss the biological properties and functional alterations of GMSCs under various pathophysiological conditions, aiming to provide new insights into the immunoregulatory mechanisms of GMSCs in tissue regeneration and therapeutic processes.